SAMYUTTANIKAYE KHANDHAVAGGA-ATTHAKATHA

Samyuttanikaye Khandhavagga-atthakatha

. Khandhiyavaggassa paṭhame bhaggesūti evaṃnāmake janapade. Susumāragireti
susumāragiranagare. Tasmiṃ kira māpiyamāne susumāro saddamakāsi, tenassa ‘‘susumāragira’’ntveva
nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Bhesakaḷāvaneti bhesakaḷāya nāma yakkhiniyā adhivutthattā evaṃladdhanāme vane.
Tadeva migagaṇassa abhayatthāya dinnattā migadāyoti vuccati. Bhagavā tasmiṃ janapade taṃ nagaraṃ
nissāya tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati. Nakulapitāti nakulassa nāma dārakassa pitā.
Jiṇṇoti jarājiṇṇo. Vuḍḍhoti vayovuḍḍho. Mahallakoti jātimahallako. Addhagatoti tiyaddhagato.
Vayoanuppattoti tesu tīsu addhesu pacchimavayaṃ anuppatto. Āturakāyoti gilānakāyo. Idañhi sarīraṃ
suvaṇṇavaṇṇampi niccapaggharaṇaṭṭhena āturaṃyeva nāma. Visesena panassa jarāturatā byādhāturatā
maraṇāturatāti tisso āturatā honti. Tāsu kiñcāpi eso mahallakattā jarāturova, abhiṇharogatāya panassa
byādhāturatā idha adhippetā. Abhikkhaṇātaṅkoti abhiṇharogo nirantararogo. Aniccadassāvīti tāya
āturatāya icchiticchitakkhaṇe āgantuṃ asakkonto kadācideva daṭṭhuṃ labhāmi, na sabbakālanti attho.
Manobhāvanīyānanti manavaḍḍhakānaṃ. Yesu hi diṭṭhesu kusalavasena cittaṃ vaḍḍhati, te
sāriputtamoggallānādayo mahātherā manobhāvanīyā nāma. Anusāsatūti punappunaṃ sāsatu. Purimañhi
vacanaṃ ovādo nāma, aparāparaṃ anusāsanī nāma. Otiṇṇe vā vatthusmiṃ vacanaṃ ovādo nāma,
anotiṇṇe tantivasena vā paveṇivasena vā vuttaṃ anusāsanī nāma. Apica ovādoti vā anusāsanīti vā atthato
ekameva, byañjanamattameva nānaṃ.
Āturo hāyanti āturo hi ayaṃ, suvaṇṇavaṇṇo piyaṅgusāmopi samāno niccapaggharaṇaṭṭhena
āturoyeva. Aṇḍabhūtoti aṇḍaṃ viya bhūto dubbalo. Yathā kukkuṭaṇḍaṃ vā mayūraṇḍaṃ vā geṇḍukaṃ
viya gahetvā khipantena vā paharantena vā na sakkā kīḷituṃ, tāvadeva bhijjati, evamayampi kāyo
kaṇṭakepi khāṇukepi pakkhalitassa bhijjatīti aṇḍaṃ viya bhūtoti aṇḍabhūto. Pariyonaddhoti sukhumena
chavimattena pariyonaddho. Aṇḍañhi sāratacena pariyonaddhaṃ, tena ḍaṃsamakasādayo nilīyitvāpi
chaviṃ chinditvā yūsaṃ paggharāpetuṃ na sakkonti. Imasmiṃ pana chaviṃ chinditvā yaṃ icchanti, taṃ
karonti. Evaṃ sukhumāya chaviyā pariyonaddho. Kimaññatra bālyāti bālabhāvato aññaṃ kimatthi?
Bāloyeva ayanti attho. Tasmāti yasmā ayaṃ kāyo evarūpo, tasmā.
Tenupasaṅkamīti rañño cakkavattissa upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā anantaraṃ pariṇāyakaratanassa
upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanto rājapuriso viya, saddhammacakkavattissa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā,
anantaraṃ dhammasenāpatissa apacitiṃ kātukāmo yenāyasmā sāriputto, tenupasaṅkami.
Vippasannānīti suṭṭhu pasannāni. Indriyānīti manacchaṭṭhāni indriyāni. Parisuddhoti niddoso.
Pariyodātoti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Nirupakkilesatāyeva hi esa pariyodātoti vutto, na setabhāvena. Etassa
ca pariyodātataṃ disvāva indriyānaṃ vippasannataṃ aññāsi. Nayaggāhapaññā kiresā therassa.
Kathañhi no siyāti kena kāraṇena na laddhā bhavissati? Laddhāyevāti attho. Iminā kiṃ dīpeti?
Satthuvissāsikabhāvaṃ. Ayaṃ kira satthu diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya pitipemaṃ, upāsikā cassa mātipemaṃ
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paṭilabhati. Ubhopi ‘‘mama putto’’ti satthāraṃ vadanti. Bhavantaragato hi nesaṃ sineho. Sā kira
upāsikā pañca jātisatāni tathāgatassa mātāva, so ca, gahapati, pitāva ahosi. Puna pañca jātisatāni upāsikā
mahāmātā, upāsako mahāpitā, tathā cūḷāmātā cūḷapitāti. Evaṃ satthā diyaḍḍhaattabhāvasahassaṃ
tesaṃyeva hatthe vaḍḍhito. Teneva te yaṃ neva puttassa, na pitu santike kathetuṃ sakkā, taṃ satthu
santike nisinnā kathenti. Imināyeva ca kāraṇena bhagavā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ
upāsakānaṃ vissāsikānaṃ yadidaṃ nakulapitā gahapati, yadidaṃ nakulamātā gahapatānī’’ti (a. ni.
1.257) te etadagge ṭhapesi. Iti so imaṃ vissāsikabhāvaṃ pakāsento kathañhi no siyāti āha. Amatena
abhisittoti nassidha aññaṃ kiñci jhānaṃ vā vipassanā vā maggo vā phalaṃ vā ‘‘amatābhiseko’’ti
daṭṭhabbo, madhuradhammadesanāyeva pana ‘‘amatābhiseko’’ti veditabbo. Dūratopīti tiroraṭṭhāpi
tirojanapadāpi.
Assutavā puthujjanoti idaṃ vuttatthameva. Ariyānaṃ adassāvītiādīsu ariyāti ārakattā kilesehi,
anaye na iriyanato, aye iriyanato, sadevakena ca lokena araṇīyato buddhā ca paccekabuddhā ca
buddhasāvakā ca vuccanti. Buddhā eva vā idha ariyā. Yathāha – ‘‘sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe…
tathāgato ariyo’’ti vuccatīti (saṃ. ni. 5.1098). Sappurisānanti ettha pana paccekabuddhā
tathāgatasāvakā ca sappurisāti veditabbā. Te hi lokuttaraguṇayogena sobhanā purisāti sappurisā.
Sabbeva vā ete dvedhāpi vuttā. Buddhāpi hi ariyā ca sappurisā ca, paccekabuddhā buddhasāvakāpi.
Yathāha –
‘‘Yo ve kataññū katavedi dhīro,
Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hoti;
Dukhitassa sakkacca karoti kiccaṃ,
Tathāvidhaṃ sappurisaṃ vadantī’’ti. (jā. 2.17.78);
‘‘Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hotī’’ti ettāvatā hi buddhasāvako vutto, kataññutādīhi
paccekabuddhabuddhāti. Idāni yo tesaṃ ariyānaṃ adassanasīlo, na ca dassane sādhukārī, so ‘‘ariyānaṃ
adassāvī’’ti veditabbo. So ca cakkhunā adassāvī, ñāṇena adassāvīti duvidho. Tesu ñāṇena adassāvī idha
adhippeto. Maṃsacakkhunā hi dibbacakkhunā vā ariyā diṭṭhāpi adiṭṭhāva honti tesaṃ cakkhūnaṃ
vaṇṇamattaggahaṇato na ariyabhāvagocarato. Soṇasiṅgālādayopi cakkhunā ariye passanti, na cete
ariyānaṃ dassāvino nāma.
Tatridaṃ vatthu – cittalapabbatavāsino kira khīṇāsavattherassa upaṭṭhāko vuḍḍhapabbajito
ekadivasaṃ therena saddhiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā, therassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā, piṭṭhito āgacchanto theraṃ
pucchi – ‘‘ariyā nāma, bhante, kīdisā’’ti? Thero āha – ‘‘idhekacco mahallako ariyānaṃ pattacīvaraṃ
gahetvā vattapaṭivattaṃ katvā sahacarantopi neva ariye jānāti, evaṃ dujjānāvuso, ariyā’’ti. Evaṃ vuttepi
so neva aññāsi. Tasmā na cakkhunā dassanaṃ dassanaṃ, ñāṇena dassanameva dassanaṃ. Yathāha –
‘‘kiṃ te, vakkali, iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena? Yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati. Yo
maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 3.87). Tasmā cakkhunā passantopi ñāṇena ariyehi
diṭṭhaṃ aniccādilakkhaṇaṃ apassanto, ariyādhigatañca dhammaṃ anadhigacchanto
ariyakaradhammānaṃ ariyabhāvassa ca adiṭṭhattā ‘‘ariyānaṃ adassāvī’’ti veditabbo.
Ariyadhammassa akovidoti, satipaṭṭhānādibhede ariyadhamme akusalo. Ariyadhamme avinītoti
ettha pana –
‘‘Duvidho vinayo nāma, ekamekettha pañcadhā;
Abhāvato tassa ayaṃ, avinītoti vuccati’’.
Ayañhi saṃvaravinayo pahānavinayoti duvidho vinayo. Ettha ca duvidhepi vinaye ekameko vinayo
pañcadhā bhijjati. Saṃvaravinayopi hi sīlasaṃvaro satisaṃvaro ñāṇasaṃvaro khantisaṃvaro
vīriyasaṃvaroti pañcavidho. Pahānavinayopi tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ
samucchedappahānaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nissaraṇappahānanti pañcavidho.
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Tattha ‘‘iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto’’ti (vibha. 511) ayaṃ sīlasaṃvaro.
‘‘Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti ayaṃ (dī. ni. 1.213; ma. ni. 1.295; saṃ.
ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16) satisaṃvaro.
‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, (ajitāti bhagavā)
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi,
Paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti. (su. ni. 1041; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa.4) –
Ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. ‘‘Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) ayaṃ
khantisaṃvaro. ‘‘Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) ayaṃ
vīriyasaṃvaro. Sabbopi cāyaṃ saṃvaro yathāsakaṃ saṃvaritabbānaṃ vinetabbānañca
kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ saṃvaraṇato ‘‘saṃvaro’’ vinayanato ‘‘vinayo’’ti vuccati. Evaṃ tāva saṃvaravinayo
pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo.
Tathā yaṃ nāmarūpaparicchedādīsu vipassanāñāṇesu paṭipakkhabhāvato dīpālokeneva tamassa,
tena tena vipassanāñāṇena tassa tassa anatthassa pahānaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ – nāmarūpavavatthānena
sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā, paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīnaṃ, tasseva aparabhāgena
kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa, kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gāhassa,
maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya, udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā, vayadassanena
sassatadiṭṭhiyā, bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya, ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya,
nibbidānupassanāya abhiratisaññāya, muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukāmatāya. Upekkhāñāṇena
anupekkhāya, anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvassa, gotrabhunā
saṅkhāranimittagāhassa pahānaṃ, etaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma.
Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattibhāvanivāraṇato ghaṭappahāreneva udakapiṭṭhe
sevālassa, tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānaṃ, etaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ
catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne ‘‘diṭṭhigatānaṃ
pahānāyā’’tiādinā nayena (dha. sa. 277; vibha. 628) vuttassa samudayapakkhikassa kilesagaṇassa
accantaṃ appavattibhāvena pahānaṃ, idaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe
paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ, etaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nāma.
Yaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ, etaṃ nissaraṇappahānaṃ nāma.
Sabbampi cetaṃ pahānaṃ yasmā cāgaṭṭhena pahānaṃ, vinayaṭṭhena vinayo, tasmā ‘‘pahānavinayo’’ti
vuccati. Taṃtaṃpahānavato vā tassa tassa vinayassa sambhavatopetaṃ ‘‘pahānavinayo’’ti vuccati.
Evaṃ pahānavinayopi pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo.
Evamayaṃ saṅkhepato duvidho, bhedato ca dasavidho vinayo bhinnasaṃvarattā pahātabbassa ca
appahīnattā yasmā etassa assutavato puthujjanassa natthi, tasmā abhāvato tassa ayaṃ ‘‘avinīto’’ti
vuccatīti. Esa nayo sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme
avinītoti etthāpi. Ninnānākaraṇañhi etaṃ atthato. Yathāha –
‘‘Yeva te ariyā, teva te sappurisā. Yeva te sappurisā, teva te ariyā. Yo eva so ariyānaṃ
dhammo, so eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo. Yo eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo, so eva so
ariyānaṃ dhammo. Yeva te ariyavinayā, teva te sappurisavinayā. Yeva te sappurisavinayā, teva
te ariyavinayā. Ariyeti vā sappuriseti vā, ariyadhammeti vā sappurisadhammeti vā, ariyavinayeti
vā sappurisavinayeti vā esese eke ekaṭṭhe same samabhāge tajjāte taññevā’’ti.
Rūpaṃ attato samanupassatīti idhekacco rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, ‘‘yaṃ rūpaṃ, so ahaṃ, yo
ahaṃ, taṃ rūpa’’nti rūpañca attañca advayaṃ samanupassati. Seyyathāpi nāma telappadīpassa jhāyato
yā acci, so vaṇṇo. Yo vaṇṇo, sā accīti acciñca vaṇṇañca advayaṃ samanupassati, evameva idhekacco
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rūpaṃ attato samanupassati…pe… advayaṃ samanupassatīti evaṃ rūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti diṭṭhipassanāya
passati. Rūpavantaṃ vā attānanti arūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā chāyāvantaṃ rukkhaṃ viya taṃ
rūpavantaṃ samanupassati. Attani vā rūpanti arūpameva ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā pupphasmiṃ gandhaṃ viya
attani rūpaṃ samanupassati. Rūpasmiṃ vā attānanti arūpameva ‘‘attā’’ti gahetvā karaṇḍake maṇiṃ
viya taṃ attānaṃ rūpasmiṃ samanupassati. Pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyīti pariyuṭṭhānākārena abhibhavanākārena
ṭhito, ‘‘ahaṃ rūpaṃ, mama rūpa’’nti evaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhīhi gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā gaṇhanako nāma hotīti
attho. Tassa taṃ rūpanti tassa taṃ evaṃ gahitaṃ rūpaṃ. Vedanādīsupi eseva nayo.
Tattha ‘‘rūpaṃ attato samanupassatī’’ti suddharūpameva attāti kathitaṃ. ‘‘Rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ,
attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, vedanaṃ attato…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attato
samanupassatī’’ti imesu sattasu ṭhānesu arūpaṃ attāti kathitaṃ. ‘‘Vedanāvantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā
vedanaṃ, vedanāya vā attāna’’nti evaṃ catūsu khandhesu tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vasena dvādasasu ṭhānesu
rūpārūpamissako attā kathito. Tattha ‘‘rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre…
viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassatī’’ti imesu pañcasu ṭhānesu ucchedadiṭṭhi kathitā, avasesesu sassatadiṭṭhīti
evamettha pannarasa bhavadiṭṭhiyo pañca vibhavadiṭṭhiyo honti, tā sabbāpi maggāvaraṇā, na
saggāvaraṇā, paṭhamamaggavajjhāti veditabbā.
Evaṃ kho, gahapati, āturakāyo ceva hoti āturacitto cāti kāyo nāma buddhānampi āturoyeva.
Cittaṃ pana rāgadosamohānugataṃ āturaṃ nāma, taṃ idha dassitaṃ. No ca āturacittoti idha
nikkilesatāya cittassa anāturabhāvo dassito. Iti imasmiṃ sutte lokiyamahājano āturakāyo ceva āturacitto
cāti dassito, khīṇāsavā āturakāyā anāturacittā, satta sekhā neva āturacittā, na anāturacittāti veditabbā.
Bhajamānā pana anāturacittataṃyeva bhajantīti. Paṭhamaṃ.

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