Samyuttanikaye Sagathavaggatika
Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa
pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ, taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ
bahumānuppādanatthaṃ, taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya
sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthanti. Atha vā maṅgalabhāvato, sabbakiriyāsu
pubbakiccabhāvato, paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato, āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca
saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyāti. Atha vā ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ
pūjanīyapūjāpuññavisesanibbattanatthaṃ, taṃ attano yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa kammassa
balānuppadānatthaṃ, antarā ca tassa asaṃkocāpanatthaṃ, tadubhayaṃ anantarāyena aṭṭhakathāya
parisamāpanatthanti idameva ca payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘iti me
pasannamatino…pe… tassānubhāvenā’’ti. Vatthuttayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā
aparimeyyapabhāvo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepi lokasannivāse
antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti, bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti. Yathāha
‘‘pūjārahe pūjayato’’tiādi (dha. pa. 195; apa. thera 1.10.1), tathā ‘‘ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge
te pasannā, agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hotī’’tiādi (itivu. 90).
‘‘Buddhoti kittayantassa, kāye bhavati yā pīti;
Varameva hi sā pīti, kasiṇenapi jambudīpassa;
Dhammoti…pe…, saṅghoti…pe…, jambudīpassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.6);
Tathā ‘‘yasmiṃ, mahānāma, samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati, nevassa tasmiṃ samaye
rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti, na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hotī’’tiādi (a. ni. 6.10;
11.11). ‘‘Araññe rukkhamūle vā…pe… bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso na hessatī’’ti (saṃ. ni.
1.249) ca.
Tattha yassa vatthuttayassa vandanaṃ kattukāmo, tassa guṇātisayayogasandassanatthaṃ
‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādinā gāthattayamāha. Guṇātisayayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo, vandanārahe
ca katā vandanā yathādhippetaṃ payojanaṃ sādhetīti. Tattha yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo,
sā na vinayadesanā viya karuṇāppadhānā, nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā, atha kho
karuṇāpaññāppadhānāti tadubhayappadhānameva tāva sammāsambuddhassa thomanaṃ kātuṃ
tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha kiratīti karuṇā,
paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho. Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā, paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati
vibādhatīti attho. Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā. Atha vā
kamiti sukhaṃ, taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā. Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā
attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibandhatīti attho. Karuṇāya sītalaṃ
karuṇāsītalaṃ, karuṇāsītalaṃ hadayaṃ assāti karuṇāsītalahadayo, taṃ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ.
Tattha kiñcāpi paresaṃ hitopasaṃhārasukhādiaparihānicchanasabhāvatāya, byāpādāratīnaṃ
ujuvipaccanīkatāya ca sattasantānagatasantāpavicchedanākārapavattiyā mettāmuditānampi
cittasītalabhāvakāraṇatā upalabbhati, tathāpi paradukkhāpanayanākārappavattiyā parūpatāpāsahanarasā
avihiṃsābhūtā karuṇāva visesena bhagavato cittassa cittapassaddhi viya sītibhāvanimittanti vuttaṃ
‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti. Karuṇāmukhena vā mettāmuditānampi hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇatā vuttāti
Page 1 sur 174
www.tipitaka.org Vipassana Research Institute
daṭṭhabbā.
Atha vā chaasādhāraṇañāṇavisesanibandhanabhūtā sātisayaṃ niravasesañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ
viya savisayabyāpitāya mahākaruṇābhāvamupagatā karuṇāva bhagavato abhisayena
hadayasītalabhāvahetūti āha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti.
Atha vā satipi mettāmuditānaṃ sātisaye hadayasītibhāvanibandhanatte
sakalabuddhaguṇavisesakāraṇatāya tāsampi kāraṇanti karuṇāva bhagavato
‘‘hadayasītalabhāvakāraṇa’’nti vuttā. Karuṇānidānā hi sabbepi buddhaguṇā,
karuṇānubhāvanibbāpiyamānasaṃsāradukkhasantāpassa hi bhagavato paradukkhāpanayanakāmatāya
anekānipi asaṅkhyeyyāni kappānaṃ akilantarūpasseva
niravasesabuddhakaradhammasambharaṇaniyatassa samadhigatadhammādhipateyyassa ca sannihitesupi
sattasaṅghāṭasamupanītahadayūpatāpanimittesu na īsakampi cittasītibhāvassa aññathattamahosīti.
Etasmiñca atthavikappe tīsupi avatthāsu bhagavato karuṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā.
Pajānātīti paññā, yathāsabhāvaṃ pakārehi paṭivijjhatīti attho. Paññāva ñeyyāvaraṇappahānato
pakārehi dhammasabhāvajotanaṭṭhena pajjototi paññāpajjoto. Savāsanappahānato visesena hataṃ
samugghāṭitaṃ vihataṃ. Paññāpajjotena vihataṃ paññāpajjotavihataṃ. Muyhanti tena, sayaṃ vā
muyhati, mohanamattameva vā tanti moho, avijjā. Sveva visayasabhāvapaṭicchādanakaraṇato
andhakārasarikkhatāya tamo viyāti tamo. Paññāpajjotavihato mohatamo etassāti
paññāpajjotavihatamohatamo, taṃ paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ. Sabbesampi hi khīṇāsavānaṃ
satipi paññāpajjotena avijjandhakārassa vihatabhāve saddhādhimuttehi viya diṭṭhippattānaṃ sāvakehi
paccekasambuddhehi ca savāsanappahānena sammāsambuddhānaṃ kilesappahānassa viseso vijjatīti
sātisayena avijjāppahānena bhagavantaṃ thomento āha ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Atha vā antarena paropadesaṃ attano santāne accantaṃ avijjandhakāravigamassa nibbattitattā,
tathā sabbaññutāya balesu ca vasībhāvassa samadhigatattā, parasantatiyañca
dhammadesanātisayānubhāvena sammadeva tassa pavattitattā bhagavāva visesato mohatamavigamena
thometabboti āha ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Imasmiñca atthavikappe ‘‘paññāpajjoto’’ti
padena bhagavato paṭivedhapaññā viya desanāpaññāpi sāmaññaniddesena, ekasesanayena vā saṅgahitāti
daṭṭhabbā.
Atha vā bhagavato ñāṇassa ñeyyapariyantikattā sakalañeyyadhammasabhāvāvabodhanasamatthena
anāvaraṇañāṇasaṅkhātena paññāpajjotena sabbañeyyadhammasabhāvacchādakassa mohandhakārassa
vidhamitattā anaññasādhāraṇo bhagavato mohatamavināsoti katvā vuttaṃ
‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti. Ettha ca mohatamavidhamanante adhigatattā anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ
kāraṇūpacārena sasantāne mohatamavidhamananti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Abhinīhārasampattiyā
savāsanappahānameva hi kilesānaṃ ñeyyāvaraṇapahānanti, parasantāne pana mohatamavidhamanassa
kāraṇabhāvato phalūpacārena anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ ‘‘mohatamavidhamana’’nti vuccatīti.
Kiṃ pana kāraṇaṃ avijjāsamugghātoyeveko pahānasampattivasena bhagavato thomanānimittaṃ
gayhati, na pana sātisayaṃ niravasesakilesapahānanti? Tappahānavacaneneva tadekaṭṭhatāya
sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghātassa jotitabhāvato. Na hi so tādiso kileso atthi, yo
niravasesaavijjāppahānena na pahīyatīti.
Atha vā vijjā viya sakalakusaladhammasamuppattiyā niravasesākusaladhammanibbattiyā
saṃsārappavattiyā ca avijjā padhānakāraṇanti tabbighātavacanena sakalasaṃkilesagaṇasamugghāto
vutto eva hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti.
Narā ca amarā ca narāmarā, saha narāmarehīti sanarāmaro, sanarāmaro ca so loko cāti
sanarāmaraloko, tassa garūti sanarāmaralokagaru, taṃ sanarāmaralokagaruṃ. Etena
Page 2 sur 174
www.tipitaka.org Vipassana Research Institute
devamanussānaṃ viya tadavasiṭṭhasattānampi yathārahaṃ guṇavisesāvahatāya bhagavato
upakārataṃ dasseti. Na cettha padhānāppadhānabhāvo codetabbo. Añño hi saddakkamo, añño
atthakkamo. Edisesu hi samāsapadesu padhānampi appadhānaṃ viya niddisīyati yathā ‘‘sarājikāya
parisāyā’’ti (apa. aṭṭha. 1.1.82). Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārokāsavasena tividho loko, garubhāvassa pana
adhippetattā garukaraṇasamatthasseva sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo. So hi lokīyanti ettha
puññapāpāni tabbipāko cāti ‘‘loko’’ti vuccati. Amaraggahaṇena cettha upapattidevā adhippetā.
Atha vā samūhattho loka-saddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti. Saha narehīti sanarā,
sanarā ca te amarā cāti sanarāmarā, tesaṃ lokoti sanarāmaralokoti purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ.
Amara-saddena cettha visuddhidevāpi saṅgayhanti. Te hi maraṇābhāvato paramatthato amarā,
narāmarānaṃyeva gahaṇaṃ ukkaṭṭhaniddesavasena yathā ‘‘satthā devamanussāna’’nti (dī. ni. 1.157).
Tathā hi sabbānatthapariharaṇapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya
payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantamupakāritāya
aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu
lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ
‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’nti.
Sobhanaṃ gataṃ gamanaṃ etassāti sugato. Bhagavato hi veneyyajanupasaṅkamanaṃ ekantena
tesaṃ hitasukhanipphādanato sobhanaṃ, tathā lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya
dutavilambitakhalitānukaḍḍhananippīḷanukkuṭikakuṭilākulatādidosarahitamavahasitarājahaṃsavasabhavāraṇamigarājagamanaṃ kāyagamanaṃ ñāṇagamanañca
vipulanimmalakaruṇāsativīriyādiguṇavisesasahitamabhinīhārato yāva mahābodhi niravajjatāya
sobhanamevāti.
Atha vā sayambhūñāṇena sakalamapi lokaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena parijānanto ñāṇena sammā
gato avagatoti sugato, tathā lokasamudayaṃ pahānābhisamayavasena pajahanto anuppattidhammataṃ
āpādento sammā gato atītoti sugato, lokanirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena sammā gato
adhigatoti sugato, lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ bhāvanābhisamayavasena sammā gato paṭipannoti
sugato. ‘‘Sotāpattimaggena ye kilesā pahīnā, te kilese na puneti na pacceti na paccāgacchatīti
sugato’’tiādinā nayena (mahāni. 38) ayamattho vibhāvetabboti.
Atha vā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ, nibbānameva vā gato adhigatoti sugato. Yasmā vā
bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ veneyyānaṃ yathārahaṃ kālayuttameva ca dhammaṃ bhāsati, tasmā
sammā gadati vadatīti sugato da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā. Iti sobhanagamanatādīhi sugato, taṃ sugataṃ.
Puññapāpakehi upapajjanavasena gantabbato gatiyo, upapattibhavavisesā. Tā pana nirayādivasena
pañcavidhā. Tā hi sakalassapi bhavagāmikammassa ariyamaggādhigamena avipākārahabhāvakaraṇena
nivattitattā bhagavā pañcahipi gatīhi suṭṭhu mutto visaṃyuttoti āha ‘‘gativimutta’’nti. Etena bhagavato
katthacipi apariyāpannataṃ dasseti, yato bhagavā ‘‘devātidevo’’ti vuccati. Tenāha –
‘‘Yena devūpapatyassa, gandhabbo vā vihaṅgamo;
Yakkhattaṃ yena gaccheyyaṃ, manussattañca abbaje;
Te mayhaṃ āsavā khīṇā, viddhastā vinaḷīkatā’’ti. (a. ni. 4.36);
Taṃtaṃgatisaṃvattanakānañhi kammakilesānaṃ aggamaggena bodhimūleyeva suppahīnattā natthi
bhagavato gatipariyāpannatāti accantameva bhagavā
sabbabhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsasattanikāyehi suparimutto. Taṃ gativimuttaṃ. Vandeti
namāmi, thomemīti vā attho.
Atha vā gativimuttanti anupādisesanibbānadhātuppattiyā bhagavantaṃ thometi. Ettha hi dvīhi
ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā attahitasampattito parahitapaṭipattito ca. Tesu attahitasampatti
Page 3 sur 174
www.tipitaka.org Vipassana Research Institute
anāvaraṇañāṇādhigamato, savāsanānaṃ sabbesaṃ kilesānaṃ accantapahānato,
anupādisesanibbānappattito ca veditabbā. Parahitapaṭipatti lābhasakkārādinirapekkhacittassa
sabbadukkhaniyyānikadhammadesanato, viruddhesupi niccaṃ hitajjhāsayavasena
ñāṇaparipākakālāgamanato ca. Sā panettha āsayato payogato ca duvidhā parahitapaṭipatti, tividhā ca
attahitasampatti pakāsitā hoti, kathaṃ? ‘‘Karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena āsayato parahitapaṭipatti,
sammāgadanatthena sugata-saddena payogato parahitapaṭipatti, ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ
gativimutta’’nti etehi catusaccapaṭivedhatthena ca sugata-saddena tividhāpi attahitasampatti,
avasiṭṭhatthena tena ‘‘paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena ca sabbāpi attahitasampatti
parahitapaṭipatti pakāsitā hotīti.
Atha vā tīhi ākārehi bhagavato thomanā veditabbā – hetuto phalato upakārato ca. Tattha hetu
mahākaruṇā, sā paṭhamapadena dassitā. Phalaṃ catubbidhaṃ ñāṇasampadā pahānasampadā
ānubhāvasampadā rūpakāyasampadā cāti. Tāsu ñāṇapahānasampadā dutiyapadena saccapaṭivedhatthena
ca sugata-saddena pakāsitā honti, ānubhāvasampadā pana tatiyapadena, rūpakāyasampadā
yathāvuttakāyagamanasobhanatthena sugata-saddena lakkhaṇānubyañjanapāripūriyā vinā tadabhāvato.
Upakāro anantaraṃ abāhiraṃ karitvā tividhayānamukhena vimuttidhammadesanā. So
sammāgadanatthena sugata-saddena pakāsito hotīti veditabbaṃ.
Tattha ‘‘karuṇāsītalahadaya’’nti etena sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ dasseti. Mahākaruṇāya
sañcoditamānaso hi bhagavā saṃsārapaṅkato sattānaṃ samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhāro anupubbena
pāramiyo pūretvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ adhigatoti karuṇā sammāsambodhiyā mūlaṃ.
‘‘Paññāpajjotavihatamohatama’’nti etena sammāsambodhiṃ dasseti. Anāvaraṇañāṇapadaṭṭhānañhi
maggañāṇaṃ, maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ sammāsambodhīti vuccatīti.
Sammāgamanatthena sugata-saddena sammāsambodhiyā paṭipattiṃ dasseti
līnuddhaccapatiṭṭhānāyūhanakāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyoga-sassatucchedābhinivesādiantadvayarahitāya karuṇāpaññāpariggahitāya majjhimāya paṭipattiyā pakāsanato sugata-saddassa. Itarehi
sammāsambodhiyā padhānāppadhānabhedaṃ payojanaṃ dasseti. Saṃsāramahoghato
sattasantāraṇañhettha padhānaṃ payojanaṃ, tadaññamappadhānaṃ. Tesu padhānena parahitapaṭipattiṃ
dasseti, itarena attahitasampattiṃ, tadubhayena attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catūsu puggalesu bhagavato
catutthapuggalabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tena ca anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvaṃ, uttamavandanīyabhāvaṃ, attano
ca vandanakiriyāya khettaṅgatabhāvaṃ dasseti.
Ettha ca karuṇāgahaṇena lokiyesu mahaggatabhāvappattāsādhāraṇaguṇadīpanato bhagavato
sabbalokiyaguṇasampatti dassitā hoti, paññāgahaṇena sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānamaggañāṇadīpanato
sabbalokuttaraguṇasampatti. Tadubhayaggahaṇasiddho hi attho ‘‘sanarāmaralokagaru’’ntiādinā
vipañcīyatīti. Karuṇāgahaṇena ca upagamanaṃ nirupakkilesaṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena apagamanaṃ.
Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena lokasamaññānurūpaṃ bhagavato pavattiṃ dasseti lokavohāravisayattā karuṇāya,
paññāgahaṇena samaññāya anatidhāvanaṃ. Sabhāvānavabodhena hi dhammānaṃ samaññaṃ atidhāvitvā
sattādiparāmasanaṃ hotīti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattivihāraṃ dasseti, paññāgahaṇena
tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇaṃ catusaccañāṇaṃ catupaṭisambhidāñāṇaṃ catuvesārajjañāṇaṃ,
karuṇāgahaṇena mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa gahitattā sesādhāraṇañāṇāni cha abhiññā aṭṭhasu parisāsu
akampanañāṇāni dasa balāni cuddasa buddhañāṇāni soḷasa ñāṇacariyā aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā
catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni sattasattati ñāṇavatthūnīti evamādīnaṃ anekesaṃ paññāpabhedānaṃ vasena
ñāṇacāraṃ dasseti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena caraṇasampattiṃ, paññāgahaṇena vijjāsampattiṃ.
Karuṇāgahaṇena attādhipatitā, paññāgahaṇena dhammādhipatitā. Karuṇāgahaṇena lokanāthabhāvo,
paññāgahaṇena attanāthabhāvo. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena pubbakāribhāvo, paññāgahaṇena kataññutā.
Karuṇāgahaṇena aparantapatā, paññāgahaṇena anattantapatā. Karuṇāgahaṇena vā
buddhakaradhammasiddhi, paññāgahaṇena buddhabhāvasiddhi. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena paresaṃ
tāraṇaṃ, paññāgahaṇena sayaṃ tāraṇaṃ. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena sabbasattesu anuggahacittatā,
paññāgahaṇena sabbadhammesu virattacittatā dassitā hoti.
Page 4 sur 174
www.tipitaka.org Vipassana Research Institute
Sabbesañca buddhaguṇānaṃ karuṇā ādi tannidānabhāvato, paññā pariyosānaṃ tato uttari
karaṇīyābhāvato. Iti ādipariyosānadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti. Tathā karuṇāgahaṇena
sīlakkhandhapubbaṅgamo samādhikkhandho dassito hoti. Karuṇānidānañhi sīlaṃ tato
pāṇātipātādiviratippavattito, sā ca jhānattayasampayoginīti. Paññāvacanena paññākkhandho. Sīlañca
sabbabuddhaguṇānaṃ ādi, samādhi majjhe, paññā pariyosānanti evampi
ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇadassanena sabbe buddhaguṇā dassitā honti nayato dassitattā. Eso eva hi
niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo, yadidaṃ nayaggahaṇaṃ, aññathā ko nāma samattho
bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ. Tenevāha –
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 3.425; udā. 53;
bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.5; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā; apa. 2.7.20) –
Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddaguṇaparicchedanaṃ pati anuyuttena ‘‘no hetaṃ, bhante’’ti
paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘api ca me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito’’ti (dī. ni. 2.146) vuttaṃ.
Tải Sách Ebook Tại Đây: Samyuttanikaye Sagathavaggatika
Sagāthāvaggaṭīkā
